Steam-heater



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- C. E. WAKEMAN.

STEAM HEATER.

N0.492,174. Patentedebzmssas.

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C. E. WAKEMAN.

STEAM HEATER.

Patented Peb. 21, 1893. d

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STEAM HEATER.

vPatented Feb. 2l, 1893.

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C. E. WAKEMAN.

Patented Feb. 21, 1893.

STEAM HEATER.

(No Model.) 54 Sheets-Sheet 5.

C. E. WAKEMAN.

STEAM HEATER.

No. 492.174. Patented Feb. 21, 1893.

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IN1/EMO@ Unirse Sterns PATENT Orrrcn.

CHARLES E. VAKEMAN, OF PONTIAC, MICHIGAN.

STEAM-HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 492,174, dated February21, 1893.

Application iiled January 13, 1892. Serial Noi 417,979. (Ilo model.)

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLns E. WAKEMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Pontiac, county of Oakland, State of Michigan, have inventeda certain new and useful Improvement in Water and Steam Heaters; and Ideclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates more especially to that class ofapparatus known aswater or steam heaters, and as a steam generator for power.

It consists in a special arrangement whereby more perfect and uniformcombustion is secured, and the heating surface greatly iucreased inproportion to the volume of water than has been heretofore secured, thusresulting in greater economy of fuel, while at the same time it issimple and cheap to construct, and owing to its simplicity ofconstruction and arrangement, is very easy to' clean and keepin order.

In the drawings, Figure l represents a central longitudinally verticalsection of my improved heater, showing the internal arrangement. Fig. 2representsaright hand vertical View with the walls in which it should beset taken away, showing the outside construction and openings. Fig. 3represents a bottom View thereof, showing the arrangement andconstruction. Fig. 4 represents a perspective View of the apparatus,with the setting walls partially broken away, partially showing thearrangement of the smoke chambers, and course of the heated gases, alsofacilities for cleaning the fines and air spaces. Fig. 5 represents amodified arrangement, employing the same principles. Fig. 6 shows asection of one of the tubes, as heretofore patented by me.

Similar letters refer to similar parts.

In the drawings, A represents the wall or casing surrounding the heatingapparatus proper, and which, by its relation to the walls thereof, formschambers for the heated gases as hereinafter more fully described indetail. This wall A is preferably constructed of nonconducting material,to render the loss of heat as little therefrom as possible.

B, represents the shellof the heater proper,

which is shown in Figs. l, 2, 8 and 4, to be l rectangular in form,although it may be partially rectangular and partially cylindrical, orwholly cylindrical, or even composed of two cylinders as shown in Fig.5, without de* parting from my invention. This shell should be ofsuitable materials and suitably constructed, and stayed by proper staybolts and braces to resist anydesired internal bursting strain.

C, represents a grate or fire place, having the grate bars of anydesired or suitable pattern, and which may be arranged to be shaken ordumped in any desired manner; as there is nothing new or claimed in thedetails thereof except as hereinafterdescribed, the nones sentialdetails are omitted from the drawings.

D is a transverse bridge wall located just behind the grate withsufficient space between them to admitair to the rear end of the grateand clean the same as hereinafter described.

E, E', E2, are water tubes located under the crown sheet a, andextending from the vertical fire sheet a', also from the bottom a2,intothe lire box, so that the top, sides and fire space over the grate arepractically lined with them, and thus, as the water circulates therein,they afford a largely increased heating surface, facilitate circulation,and in a measure protect the crown sheet and sides from over heating. Ifdesired, the sides of the lire box, shown at a3, a4, may be made doublewith stay bolts, thus making a water jacket like that of the usual formof locomotive boilers, which jacket however would not extend down to andinclose the grate, but would only reach` to the openings b, b, which arecut into the sheet inclosing the grate.

F, F, are transverse lines, through the lower rear portion of theheater, extending from side to side, and through which the heated gasesare conducted as hereinafter described.

F', F', are longitudinal flues from front to rear, in the upper portionof the heater for the same purpose.

G is the hood and smoke box, covering the tlues F', F', and openingsinto the smoke stack II.

J is the inlet for feed or return water, while K represents the steampipe connection with radiators or other suitable steam apparatus.

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L, L, represent openings for feeding fuel cleaning flues and combustionchambers, which openings are secured bysuitable doors.

The construction of the tire box, aside from the grate, is peculiar, andis intended to secure circumferential oblique side draft below the wallsthereof; and above the grate around the four sides of the grate, insteadof simply in front as is the case with ordinary grates of this class,and thus secure perfect combustion at those parts where the fire isusually more or less dead. This construction also permits, throughsuitable openings, the more perfect clearing of the grate of ashes andelinkers, as it is accessible at all of its sides. These results areattained by not bringing the walls, a3, a4, of the fire box down to thegrate, but by leaving a suitable interval which may be varied in size ifdesired. This interval on all sides contains, projecting downward fromthose walls, fingers which approach, but do not quite reach the grate,but which serve to hold the coal therein and yet permit clinkers andashes to be cleared therefrom, through the various openings, viz., theash pit doors O, the side doors P, the rear of the grate being reachedthrough the rear ends of the open` ings on the sides which extend backfar enough to permit observation of that portion of the grate and firebox and to reach it thereby. It is obvious that, as the draft openings bconnect with the whole space around and under the grate,the draft can bysuitable management of the fire be equalized through all portions oft-lie bed of coal, and thus a very clear and even combustion is secured.v

The walls A are set a short distance from the shell B, as shown in Fig.1 at the end. In Fig. 4, this is more particularly shown, and especiallya portion of the resulting chambers through which the heated gases arecompelled to circulate.

In Fig. 1 it will be seen that the heated gases as they rise from theburning fuel strike the water tubes E, E', and crown sheet a, directlyover the fire box; they are then deiiected over the vbridge wall D,until they strike the vertical sheet a. From thence they are deflectedunderneath the near portion of the heaterat B3. The left hand slidebeing closed off by the foundation wall A2, as shown in Fig. 3, the

heated gases are compelled to deflect to the right into the chamber X,from whence they pass into the transverse flues F, F, through the lowerportion of the heater to the chamber Y on the left side. This chamber isclosed at all points, except the rear, where it opens into thetransverse chamber Z, extending upwardly to inclose the longitudinalflues, F', F; the heated products of combustion are then compelled totraverse the chambers mentioned to and through the lues F F to the smokebox G, created by the hood N at the other or front side of the heater;from thence they may be conducted directly to the chimney, or may beconducted backward over the top of the heater to the rear end, and fromthence to a suitable exit.

The direction of the gases is shown more clearly by arrows.

Suitable attachments are provided whereby the various chambers may beinspected and cleaned. These are shown as doors in the chambers at L, L.Through that door at Q, the chambers underneath the rear may be cleaned;the cross flues F may be cleaned through the side doors; while the frontdoors permit the cleaning of the longitudinal flues.

The lower water pipes running into the fire box are preferablyconstructed as shown in the patent of September 9, 1890, No. 435,989.

Suitable attachments are applied to permit the inlet of feed water at J,an outlet of the steam K, also the proper water and pressure gages andsafety valves, about which there is nothing new, and hence notillustrated or described.

In Fig. 5 l have shown the arrangement when cylindrical heaters are usedand combined upon the same principles. It consists of a longitudinalcylindrical boiler B, and a transverse cylindrical boiler B2, arrangedso that the transverse boiler is immediately under one end of alongitudinal boiler, having under the other end a grate and fire box,constructed and set substantially7 like that previously described, andwhich therefore does not rneed further illustration. Asimilar bridgewall shown at D, is also interposed between the grate and the transverseboiler, over which the heated products of combustion are caused to pass,thus compelling them to strongly impinge against the under side of y theboiler, and against the side of boiler B2.

The two boilers are connected at the junction by large curved pipes b',by which the contents can freely circulate. The heating chamber betweenand formed by the bridge wall and the lower boiler is cut olf from theleft end of the transverse boiler bythe internal cross partition R,extending downward and closing in the side of boiler B2. A longitudinal,vertical partition is also constructed, shown as transparent in Fig. 5at R', dividing the end chamber at that point so that there is nocommunication between the two end chambers inclosing the endsrespectively of the transverse boiler B2, except through ilues providedtherein. This partition is set against the left side of the boiler B sothat the left hand chamber communicates with lues F, constructedlongitudinally in boiler B2, whereby the heated gases passing from thefire box over the bridge wall are diverted through the flues of boilerB2, thence into the chamber at the right, thence through theflues andboiler B to the smoke box, at the front end of boiler B, and thence tothe chimney. This form permits a slight variation from the Inode ofoperation secured by the square heater, in that it permits boiler B tobe wholly inclosed at its front end in the combustion chamber, and forthis reason the drawing is purposely exagger- IOC IIO

ated in showing the sitting so that the inclosure can be clearly seen,the chambers being relatively much larger than required for the boilersize. Shown with this form, the proper inlet or feed pipes, outletpipes, gages and Valves, are provided as well as the doors forobservation and cleaning.

In a heater of this kind, one of the advantages secured by constructingis the facility with which every part can be examined, as by opening thedoors, they may be observed from end to end, and all the work is simplein construction.

The mode of operation is clear from the description already given. Inpracticein using the device as a steam heater, it is usual to fill withwater to cover the crown sheet one or two inches in depth, or the boilerB' about half full to protect the sheets from the direct action of thefire. In this manner the return flues serve to superheat the steam andt-hus dry it, which thus yields better results in the registers to whichit is sent, or for power purposes, than otherwise would be the case.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. In a water heater, the combinationof a tire box and its accessories located at one end of said heater, atransverse bridge wall located transversely to and in the line of thedraft, separated from said re box at its lower portion, the upperportion of said firebox being extended to and joining said bridge walland havinga space between the upper portion of said bridge wall and thelower shell of the heater, a transverse chamber on the opposite side ofsaid bridge wall and between it and a dependent water leg, said chambercommunicating with a side chamber adjacent to and upon one side of saidwater leg, transverse flues through said water leg to a chamber upon theopposite side thereof, a communicating chamber, and return lueslongitudinally through the shell, substantially as specified.

2. In a water heater, the combination of a lire box and accessorieslocated at one end thereof, a bridge wall located in the line of draftand transversely thereto, the lower portion of which is separated fromsaid fire box by an internal space and havingasmoke channel between theupper portion of said bridge wall and the shell of the heater, atransverse chamber upon the opposite side of said bridge wall andbetween it, and a dependent water leg attached to said heater, watertubes communicating with said water leg and forming nestings in andaround said fire box, traversing the chamber upon the opposite side ofsaid bridge walland the said bridge wall, communicating iiuestransversely through said water leg with the side chambers, one of whichcommunicates with the chamber adjacent to said bridge wall, and theother of which communicates with a chamber at the ends of said waterheater opposite the re box, and with return dues through said waterheater, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of twoWitnesses.

CHARLES E. WAKEMAN. Vitnesses:

R. A. PARKER, MARION A. REEVE.

